Iracet injection

Indication
Levetiracetam is indicated as an adjunctive therapy for: Partial Onset Seizures Myoclonic Seizures In Patients with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy Primary Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures Levetiracetam injection is an alternative for adult patients (16 years and older) when oral administration is temporarily not feasible.

Pharmacology
The exact mechanism of anticonvulsant effect is unknown but does not involve inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmission. Stereo-selective binding of Levetiracetam was confined to synaptic plasma membranes in the central nervous system with no binding occurring in peripheral tissue.Studies show that levetiracetam affects intraneuronal Ca levels by partial inhibition of N-type Ca currents and by reducing the release of Ca from intraneuronal stores; facilitates GABA-ergic inhibitory transmission through displacement of negative modulators; reduces delayed rectifier K current; and/or binds to synaptic proteins which modulate neurotransmitter release.

Dosage
For tablet and oral solution- Treatment should be initiated with a daily dose of 1000 mg/day, given as twice-daily dosing (500 mg twice daily). Additional dosing increments may be given (1000 mg/day additional every 2 weeks) to a maximum recommended daily dose of 3000 mg.Use in Pediatric Patients- 1 Month To <6 Months: Initial Daily dose 7 mg/kg twice daily &?ÿIncremental?ÿDaily dose 21 mg/kg twice daily 6 Months To <4 Years: Initial Daily dose 10 mg/kg twice daily &?ÿIncremental?ÿDaily dose 25 mg/kg twice daily 4 Years To <16 Years: Initial Daily dose 10 mg/kg twice daily &?ÿIncremental?ÿDaily dose 30 mg/kg twice daily Adolescent with 20-40 kg body weight: Initial Daily dose 250 mg twice daily &?ÿIncremental?ÿDaily dose 750 mg twice daily The daily dose should be increased every 2 weeks. Injection- Levetiracetam injection is for intravenous use only and must be diluted prior to administration. Levetiracetam injection (500 mg/5 mL) should be diluted in 100 mL of compatible diluents and administered intravenously as a 15-minute IV infusion. Product with particulate matter or discoloration should not be used.Dosing Instructions: Preparation and Administration- Dose 500 mg:?ÿWithdraw Volume?ÿ5 ml,?ÿVolume of Diluent?ÿ100 ml,?ÿInfusion Time?ÿ15 minutes Dose 1000 mg:?ÿWithdraw Volume 10?ÿml,?ÿVolume of Diluent?ÿ100 ml,?ÿInfusion Time?ÿ15 minutes Dose 1500 mg:?ÿWithdraw Volume 15 ml,?ÿVolume of Diluent 100 ml,?ÿInfusion Time?ÿ15 minutes For example, to prepare a 1000 mg dose, dilute 10 ml of Levetiracetam injection in 100 ml of a compatible diluents and administer intravenously as a 15-minute infusion.

Interaction
No potential drug interaction has been reported

Contradiction

Side Effect
Dizziness, drowsiness, irritability, sore throat, tiredness, weakness are some common adverse effects. In rare cases severe allergic reaction may happen.

Pregnancy
Pregnancy category C. No data on the use of Levetiracetam in breast feeding women are available. Data from animals indicate that Levetiracetam is secreted into milk.Therefore Levetiracetam is contraindicated during breast-feeding.

Precaution
Severe allergic reactions, abnormal thoughts; dark urine; decreased coordination; extreme dizziness, drowsiness, tiredness, or weakness; fever, chills, or persistent sore throat; hallucinations; memory loss; mouth sores; muscle or neck pain; new or worsening mental problem; mood or behavior changes; new or worsening seizures; pain, itching or redness at the injection site;suicidal thoughts or attempts; unusual bruising or bleeding; vision changes; yellowing of the skin or eyes.

Overdose

Storage
Keep below 30?øC temperature, away from light & moisture. Keep out of the reach of children. Levetiracetam injection was found to be physically compatible and chemically stable when mixed with the following diluents and antiepileptic drugs for at least 24 hours and stored in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) bags at controlled room temperature 15-30?øC. Diluents: Sodium chloride (0.9%) injection, Lactated Ringer's injection, Dextrose 5% injection. Other Antiepileptic Drugs: Lorazepam, Diazepam, Valproate sodium.